Every dog owner faces the question: what can they give their pet, and what is strictly forbidden? While dogs can eat many human foods, the wrong choice can lead to poisoning, allergic reactions, and even serious health issues.

According to the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), thousands of dogs end up in veterinary clinics every year due to consuming toxic foods. It’s crucial not to rely on intuition when feeding your dog but rather to follow scientific data and expert recommendations. So, read this article — just facts, recommendations, and numbers, without unnecessary words.

Key principles of safe dog nutrition

  1. Natural and fresh – prioritize fresh foods without spices, sauces, or processing.
  2. Variety – the main diet should include proteins, carbohydrates, and healthy fats.
  3. Avoiding toxic foods – some fruits, vegetables, spices, and sweets can be deadly.
  4. Portion control – even healthy foods can be harmful in excessive amounts.

What to do if your dog eats something dangerous?

If your pet swallows something suspicious, the key is not to panic. Actions depend on the product:

  • Chocolate, onions, grapes, alcohol – contact your vet immediately!
  • A small amount of spices or fruit – watch for symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, or weakness.
  • Poisoning with seizures or difficulty breathing – rush to the clinic!

Spices and Additives: Can Dogs Eat Cinnamon?

Cinnamon Safety for Dogs

Cinnamon is not classified as a toxic substance for dogs, according to the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA). It contains antioxidants and has anti-inflammatory properties, which may be beneficial for older dogs or those with chronic inflammation.

Potential Risks of Consumption

Although safe in small amounts, cinnamon can cause problems if consumed excessively:

  • Irritation of the mucous membranes – in large quantities, cinnamon may irritate the mouth and stomach.
  • Blood sugar drop – high doses can cause hypoglycemia, which is dangerous for diabetic dogs.
  • Choking hazard – cinnamon powder can enter the airways and cause coughing.

Allergic Reactions to Cinnamon

Symptoms of cinnamon allergy in dogs include:

  • Sneezing
  • Gum redness
  • Skin rashes
  • Digestive issues

Dosage Recommendations

The recommended cinnamon dose for dogs is no more than 1/8 teaspoon per 10 kg of body weight. It is best to add cinnamon to food in powdered form or in sugar-free baked treats.

Fruits in a Dog’s Diet: Which Are Safe and Which Are Not?

Fruits are a source of vitamins, fiber, and antioxidants, but not all of them are suitable for dogs.

Safe Fruits for Dogs

  • Apples – rich in vitamins A and C, but must be seedless as seeds contain cyanide.
  • Bananas – a good source of potassium but can cause constipation in large amounts.
  • Pears – contain fiber but should also be seedless.
  • Melons and watermelons – provide hydration and vitamins but must be served without skin or seeds.
  • Strawberries and blueberries – antioxidants that boost immunity.

Fruits to Avoid

  • Grapes and raisins – can cause acute kidney failure, even in small doses.
  • Avocado – contains persin, a toxic compound that can cause vomiting and heart issues.
  • Citrus fruits in large quantities – may cause diarrhea due to acidity.
  • Peaches, plums, and cherries – have pits containing cyanide, which is dangerous for dogs.

Potential Risks of Feeding Fruits

  • Excess fiber – may lead to digestive issues.
  • Sugar in fruits – can contribute to obesity and dental problems.
  • Toxic substances in seeds – pose a serious health risk.

Recommendations for Introducing Fruits

  • Always introduce new fruits gradually and monitor for any reactions.
  • Do not exceed 10% of the daily diet in fruits.
  • Remove pits, skin, and seeds before feeding.
  • Serve in small pieces, ideally mixed with regular food.

Vegetables in a Dog’s Diet: Can Dogs Eat Lettuce?

Benefits of Lettuce for Dogs

Lettuce is a low-calorie food, consisting of 95% water, making it a good option for hydration. It contains fiber, which promotes healthy digestion, along with vitamins A, C, and K. Vitamin A supports vision health, while vitamin K is essential for blood clotting.

Potential Risks of Consumption

  • Digestive issues – excessive intake may cause diarrhea or bloating.
  • Pesticides and fertilizers – store-bought lettuce may contain chemicals, so it should be washed thoroughly.
  • Intolerance – some dogs have sensitive stomachs and may experience discomfort.

Recommendations for Introducing Lettuce into the Diet

  • Introduce gradually, starting with small pieces.
  • Avoid adding sauces, salt, or spices.
  • Choose only fresh, well-washed lettuce.

Types of Lettuce Safe for Dogs

  • Romaine – the most nutritious and safe option.
  • Butterhead (Lettuce) – soft and easy to digest.
  • Iceberg – can be given in small amounts as it contains few nutrients.

Citrus in a Dog’s Diet: Can Dogs Eat Oranges?

Benefits of Oranges for Dogs

Oranges contain vitamin C, which supports immunity, and potassium, which is good for heart health. In small amounts, they can be beneficial, especially during physical exertion or stress.

Potential Risks of Consumption

  • High acidity – may cause stomach irritation.
  • High sugar content – can lead to obesity and diabetes.
  • Peel and seeds – contain toxic substances and are hard to digest.

Safe Feeding Recommendations

  • Give only peeled flesh, no more than 1-2 slices per day.
  • Monitor your dog’s reaction after the first intake.
  • Avoid citrus for dogs with sensitive stomachs.

Alternative Fruits for Dogs

  • Apples – high in fiber and low in acidity.
  • Blueberries – a natural antioxidant.
  • Watermelon – great for hydration in hot weather.

Protein-Rich Foods: Can Dogs Eat Eggs?

Benefits of Eggs for Dogs

Eggs are an excellent source of protein, amino acids, vitamins B12 and D, and iron. They promote a healthy coat, strengthen muscles, and support brain function.

Risks of Eating Raw Eggs

  • Salmonella – raw eggs may contain bacteria that cause food poisoning.
  • Avidin – a protein in raw eggs that can interfere with biotin (vitamin H) absorption, affecting coat health.

How to Safely Prepare Eggs for Dogs

  • Boiled eggs – the safest and most digestible option.
  • Scrambled eggs without salt or spices – can be given occasionally.
  • Raw eggs – only after consulting a veterinarian.

Allergic Reactions and Intolerance

Some dogs may be allergic to egg protein, showing symptoms like itching, skin redness, and digestive issues. If your dog exhibits these signs after eating eggs, they should be removed from the diet.

Seafood and Fish in a Dog’s Diet

Benefits of Seafood for Dogs

Seafood is a valuable source of protein, omega-3 fatty acids, iodine, zinc, and vitamin B12. Omega-3 supports heart health, reduces inflammation, and improves coat condition. According to the American Veterinary Association, dogs that receive enough omega-3 have 30% better skin and coat health.

Potential Risks of Consumption

  • Allergies – 5-10% of dogs may have sensitivity to seafood, causing itching and skin rashes.
  • Heavy metals – shrimp, oysters, and mussels may contain mercury or lead.
  • Parasites and bacteria – raw seafood may carry Listeria and other pathogens.

How to Prepare Seafood for Dogs

  • Always boil or bake seafood without spices or salt.
  • Avoid fried and smoked seafood.
  • Remove shells and legs from shrimp before feeding.

Recommended Feeding Frequency

Seafood can be given 1-2 times a week in small portions (up to 10% of the total diet).

Benefits of Fish for Dogs

Fish is a great source of easily digestible protein and healthy fats. It improves metabolism, brain function, and joint health. Salmon, mackerel, and cod are especially beneficial as they contain less mercury than large marine predators.

Potential Risks of Fish Consumption

  • Parasites – raw fish may carry worm larvae.
  • Excessive fish consumption – may cause vitamin B1 deficiency, as some fish contain enzymes that destroy this vitamin.
  • Bones – small fish bones can get stuck in the throat or damage the digestive tract.

How to Prepare Fish for Dogs

  • Boil, bake, or steam without salt and spices.
  • Remove bones before serving.
  • Use lean fish: salmon, cod, hake, zander.

Recommended Feeding Frequency

Fish can be included 1-2 times a week, preferably boiled or baked.

Nuts in a Dog’s Diet: Safe or Not?

Safe Nuts for Dogs

Some nuts can be given in small quantities:

  • Peanuts (unsalted, no additives) – contain protein and healthy fats.
  • Cashews – rich in magnesium and antioxidants but should be given rarely.

Nuts That Can Be Dangerous

  • Macadamia – one of the most toxic nuts for dogs, even 2-3 pieces can cause vomiting and weakness.
  • Walnuts – often contain mold toxins, which can lead to poisoning.
  • Almonds – difficult to digest and may cause intestinal blockage.

Potential Risks of Feeding Nuts

  • High-fat content – may lead to pancreatitis.
  • Choking hazard – especially for small dogs.
  • Salt and spices – store-bought nuts often contain harmful additives.

Safe Feeding Recommendations

  • Give only in crushed form, without salt or spices.
  • Limit intake – no more than 1-2 nuts per week.
  • Avoid store-bought flavored nuts.

Conclusion

General Rules for Safe Dog Nutrition

  • Always check the safety of foods before introducing them into the diet.
  • Provide only fresh, properly cooked food.
  • Monitor your dog’s reaction to new foods.

What to Do If Your Dog Eats Something Forbidden?

  • Check for symptoms: vomiting, seizures, weakness.
  • Do not induce vomiting without veterinary advice.
  • Seek veterinary help immediately if poisoning is suspected.

Any dietary changes can impact a dog’s health. A veterinarian can help determine the correct portions, avoid harmful combinations, and create the best diet based on the dog’s age, breed, and specific needs.