The world of the ocean is full of mysteries, and octopuses are one of its most mysterious inhabitants. Their appearance resembles fantastic creatures, and their abilities astonish even experienced scientists. But the biggest question people have is when they hear, “An octopus has three hearts.” It sounds incredible, but is it true?
Truth or myth?
Yes, octopuses do indeed have three hearts. One large main heart pumps blood throughout the body, and two smaller ones – the so-called “gill hearts” – pump blood through the gills, where it is saturated with oxygen. Interestingly, during movement, the main heart stops, and then only the two “auxiliary” work. This is why octopuses quickly tire and cannot swim for long, preferring to slowly glide along the bottom.
How was it researched?
Information about the three hearts of the octopus became known in the XIX century, when the marine fauna began to be actively studied by European naturalists. Scientists studied the anatomy of mollusks in laboratories, dissected individuals and described their structure. Particular attention was paid to the cardiovascular system, which differed significantly from that known in fish or other marine creatures.
Later, in the XX century, thanks to the development of marine biology, octopus hearts began to be studied not only during anatomical studies, but also in living individuals. Methods of observing blood flow were used, and the work of heart muscles was recorded with the help of electrodes and sensors. This made it possible to prove that during movement, the systemic heart actually stops, while the gill heart continues pumping blood.
Another important detail is that octopuses have blue-colored blood. This is due to the fact that instead of hemoglobin, they have hemocyanin, a copper-based compound. It is because of its three hearts that hemocyanin efficiently transports oxygen even in cold and low-oxygen seawater. Research in the 21st century has confirmed that this system – allows octopuses to live at great depths and withstand serious strain on their brains and senses.
Why three hearts?
The main function is to provide oxygen to the body in the harsh conditions of the ocean. Two gill hearts constantly pump blood through the gills, while the main heart pumps the already oxygen-rich blood to all organs. This mechanism is necessary for their brain and nervous system: octopuses are known for their intelligence, their ability to solve problems, remember routes and even use tools.
Conclusion
The three hearts of the octopus are a scientifically proven fact. They were studied back in the 19th century, and modern biology has only deepened the knowledge of the unique circulatory system of these mollusks. It allows octopuses to survive where other animals would not, and makes them one of the most interesting creatures on the planet. Their anatomy shows how wisely everything is organized in the natural world.
